1) Incentive programs
Nebraska Advantage Act (Neb. Rev. Stat. § 77-5725)
- Tier 2 Large Data Center eligibility: Investment in qualified property of at least $200,000,000 and hiring at least 30 new employees qualify a large data center for Tier 2 treatment; the same statute closed new Tier 2 applications after December 31, 2020, so the program now matters primarily for existing agreements and historical projects. Neb. Rev. Stat. § 77-5725, accessed 2026-06-10
- Sales/use tax incentives and direct payment permits: Tier 2 large data centers and qualifying sequential Tier 5 projects may receive sales/use tax exemptions or refunds during entitlement years after meeting employment and investment levels, with direct payment permit mechanics in § 77-5725(3). Neb. Rev. Stat. § 77-5725, accessed 2026-06-10; Nebraska DOR Direct Payment Permits, accessed 2026-06-10
- Investment, wage, and personal property incentives: Tier 2 large data center projects can receive wage credits, a 10% investment credit, and personal property tax exemptions for computer systems and other project personal property during statutory exemption windows. Neb. Rev. Stat. § 77-5725, accessed 2026-06-10
Standalone data center exemptions (Neb. Rev. Stat. §§ 77-2704.62 and 77-202(10))
- Sales/use tax exemption before repeal: Section 77-2704.62 exempted qualifying tangible personal property and services acquired by a person operating a Nebraska data center for subsequent use outside the state, and LB209 (2023) expanded the exemption to include data center equipment, electricity and fuel for generators, construction materials, and contractor purchases as purchasing agent. Neb. Rev. Stat. § 77-2704.62, accessed 2026-06-10; LB209 Intro PDF, 2023-01-09
- LB901 repeal now partly operative: LB901, approved by the Governor on April 7, 2026, repealed § 77-2704.62 effective July 1, 2026; the separate removal of the data center personal property tax exemption in § 77-202(10) becomes operative January 1, 2027. LB901 Slip Law, 2026-04-07; Nebraska Department of Revenue, accessed 2026-07-17
- Official tax expenditure baseline: The Nebraska Department of Revenue estimated the § 77-2704.62 data center sales/use tax expenditure at $7.084 million in its 2024 full report and $5.667 million in its 2025 interim report; the 2024 report listed the separate data center personal-property exemption without an available estimate. Nebraska Department of Revenue, 2024-10-15; Nebraska Department of Revenue, 2025-10-15
ImagiNE Nebraska Act (Chapter 77, Article 68)
- Qualified locations include data center-type activities: “Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services” (NAICS 518210) and “Computer Facilities Management Services” (NAICS 541513) are qualified locations under the ImagiNE Nebraska Act. Neb. Rev. Stat. § 77-6818, accessed 2026-06-10
- Sales/use tax incentive thresholds: ImagiNE sales/use tax incentives require, depending on tier, thresholds such as $5 million investment plus 30 new employees, $50 million investment, or $250 million investment plus 250 new employees during the ramp-up period. Neb. Rev. Stat. § 77-6831, accessed 2026-06-10
- Wage/benefits standards: The definition of “number of new employees” requires health coverage and wages at or above 150% of the Nebraska statewide average hourly wage, subject to statutory details for equivalent employees. Neb. Rev. Stat. § 77-6815, accessed 2026-06-10
- Post-LB901 structure: LB901 removed the standalone data center carveouts but did not remove data center eligibility from ImagiNE’s broader qualified-location structure, a point emphasized by Good Jobs First’s June 2026 critique. Good Jobs First, 2026-06-05; Neb. Rev. Stat. § 77-6818, accessed 2026-06-10
2) Restrictions, reporting, and moratoriums
State-level water and air permitting
- Surface water permits and basin moratoriums: Surface water diversions require state permits, and new permits cannot be filed in basins declared fully appropriated or overappropriated unless a variance is granted; Nebraska lists formal moratoriums on new surface water rights in multiple basins. NDWEE Surface Water FAQs, accessed 2026-06-10; NDWEE Moratoriums on New Surface Water Rights, accessed 2026-06-10
- Air construction permitting: Nebraska Air Quality Regulations Title 129 require construction permits for covered emission sources, so data centers with large standby-generator fleets or other combustion sources can trigger Department of Environment and Energy review. Nebraska Administrative Code Title 129, 2022-09-28
New 2026 data center reporting and large-load standards
- Effective date: LB1010 was approved on April 14 and becomes effective July 18, 2026, one day after this update’s cutoff. Neb. Rev. Stat. § 70-2202, effective 2026-07-18; LB1010 Slip Law, 2026-04-14
- Annual data center report: Beginning under LB1010, data center owners/operators must report annually by September 30 to the Department of Water, Energy, and Environment and the Legislature’s Natural Resources Committee. Required fields include ownership, physical size and location; annual electricity and water use; standalone and ImagiNE/Nebraska Advantage incentives; efficiency, load-management, conservation, and renewable-energy commitments; and expected service life. Neb. Rev. Stat. § 70-1506, effective 2026-07-18; LB1010 Slip Law, 2026-04-14
- Decommissioning and community benefits: LB1010 also makes the owner/operator responsible for all decommissioning costs and requires a community benefit agreement with each affected community. Neb. Rev. Stat. § 70-1506, effective 2026-07-18
- Large load interconnection standards: LB1010 defines a large load customer as a retail customer requesting new or expanded service above 20 MW at a single site and requires public power suppliers to establish standards addressing duplicate service requests, backup generation, study fees, site control, financial commitments, curtailment, and cost allocation. Neb. Rev. Stat. § 70-2203, effective 2026-07-18; Nebraska Legislature LB1010 Actions, 2026-04-14
Local environmental and operational constraints
- Noise limits example: Papillion’s municipal code sets maximum permitted sound levels, illustrating how municipal ordinances can constrain data center operations such as generator testing. Papillion Code of Ordinances § 135-3, accessed 2026-06-10
- Otoe County moratorium: Otoe County commissioners voted in May 2026 to suspend permits needed for new data centers for up to one year so the county could study the issue and update regulations. Nebraska Public Media/Flatwater Free Press, 2026-05-24
- Madison County permitting: Madison County adopted special-permit requirements for data centers in May 2026, preserving a project-review pathway rather than imposing a moratorium. Nebraska Public Media/Flatwater Free Press, 2026-05-24
- County moratorium wave: By July 16, 12 counties had data-center moratoriums in place: Butler, Box Butte, Custer, Dundy, Furnas, Hayes, Harlan, Johnson, Kearney, Logan, Otoe, and Seward. Logan County’s July 15 action imposed a 12-month pause and also covered wind, solar, and cryptocurrency-mining facilities. Nebraska Public Media, 2026-07-16
- Seward County: Commissioners unanimously approved a one-year moratorium on June 30 while the county develops regulations and studies water, electricity, roads, noise, and decommissioning, including a planned hydrogeologic study. Nebraska Public Media, 2026-06-30
- Pending, rejected, and broader pauses: As of July 17, planning commissions in Cass, Gage, and Garfield Counties had recommended moratoriums but final county-board action was still pending; Gage’s recommendation was for 18 months. Lincoln County commissioners rejected a moratorium and subsequently faced a recall drive. Separately, Cherry County adopted a six-month pause on all new conditional-use permits on July 14 to slow potential data center development, so it was not included in the 12-county data-center-specific count. Nebraska Public Media, 2026-07-16; News Channel Nebraska, 2026-06-24; News Channel Nebraska, 2026-07-14
- Water-use disclosure and mitigation: Newly released company data showed Google’s three Nebraska data centers consumed approximately 732.1 million gallons in 2025, up from 46.6 million gallons in 2022 and 134.7 million in 2023. Google also announced a $3 million grant to expand MUD leak detection over 500 miles of high-priority Omaha-area mains; MUD estimated the completed system could save as much as 1 billion gallons annually. Flatwater Free Press, 2026-07-08; Nebraska Public Media, 2026-06-03
- No statewide construction moratorium: No statewide data-center-specific construction moratorium was enacted by July 17, 2026; Nebraska’s restrictions instead combine state reporting and large-load rules, water and air permitting, and increasingly active local zoning. Nebraska Legislature LB1010 Actions, 2026-04-14; Nebraska Public Media, 2026-07-16
3) Local governance (state vs. local control)
- County zoning authority: County boards may adopt zoning resolutions with the force of law, issue permits, and enforce zoning within zoned areas, making county approvals a core gatekeeper for unincorporated data center sites. Neb. Rev. Stat. §§ 23-114 and 23-114.04, accessed 2026-06-10
- City/village zoning authority: Municipalities may create zoning districts and regulate building use, with public-hearing requirements for zoning changes, giving cities and villages direct siting authority for municipal data center projects. Neb. Rev. Stat. §§ 19-902 and 19-904, accessed 2026-06-10
- Local control remains practically important: The 12 county moratoriums in place by July 16, plus additional pending recommendations, show that counties retained substantial land-use leverage even as the Legislature enacted statewide energy and reporting statutes. Nebraska Public Media, 2026-07-16
- LB663 county-review deadlines: LB663, approved February 24 and effective July 18, standardizes county conditional-use and special-exception review. It requires a 30-day completeness determination, written notice of missing information within 10 days, and a decision within 90 days after an application is deemed complete; a county-board application is deemed granted if the board misses its 90-day deadline. These rules can apply to county data center siting applications without displacing counties’ substantive zoning authority. LB663 Slip Law, 2026-02-24; Nebraska Legislature LB663 Actions, 2026-02-24
4) Legislative activity (2024-2026)
Enacted or current law changes affecting incentives
- LB1317 (2024): Source notes for the ImagiNE Nebraska Act show 2024 amendments to § 77-6831 through LB1317. Neb. Rev. Stat. § 77-6831 Source Notes, accessed 2026-06-10
- LB209 (2023; operative 2024): LB209 expanded the data center sales/use tax exemption categories in § 77-2704.62 before the 2026 repeal. LB209 Intro PDF, 2023-01-09
- LB901 (2026): LB901 passed final reading with an emergency clause on April 1, 2026 and was approved by the Governor on April 7, 2026; its repeal of § 77-2704.62 took effect July 1, 2026, while removal of the § 77-202(10) data center personal property exemption becomes operative January 1, 2027. Nebraska Legislature LB901, 2026-04-07; LB901 Slip Law, 2026-04-07; Nebraska Department of Revenue, accessed 2026-07-17
Enacted 2026 energy and reporting laws
- LB1010 (2026): LB1010 passed final reading 49-0 on April 10, 2026, was approved by the Governor on April 14, and becomes effective July 18; it adopted the Large Load Customer Regulation Act and folded in portions of LB1111 for reporting, decommissioning, community-benefit agreements, and public-power supplier duties. Nebraska Legislature LB1010 Actions, 2026-04-14; Neb. Rev. Stat. § 70-1506, effective 2026-07-18; Neb. Rev. Stat. § 70-2202, effective 2026-07-18
- LB1261 (2026): LB1261 passed final reading 33-16 on April 10, 2026, was approved by the Governor on April 14, and becomes effective July 18; it bars consumer-owned utilities from using eminent domain to acquire a qualifying privately owned generation facility built for a single industrial customer with new load above 1,000 MW, subject to Power Review Board approval and utility contractual protections. Nebraska Legislature LB1261 Actions, 2026-04-14; LB1261 Slip Law, 2026-04-14
- Governor’s framing of LB1261: The Governor’s Office described LB1261 as enabling “new energy opportunities” and protecting ratepayers while allowing behind-the-meter projects for large industrial customers, with public-power and Tenaska representatives supporting the approach. Nebraska Governor’s Office, 2026-06-02
2026 bills that did not pass separately
- LB468 (2025 carryover): LB468 would have eliminated a sales tax exemption relating to data centers, but it was indefinitely postponed on April 17, 2026. Nebraska Legislature LB468 Actions, 2026-04-17
- LB1131 (2026): LB1131 proposed eliminating data center personal property and sales/use tax exemptions; portions were amended into LB901 and LB1131 itself was indefinitely postponed on April 17, 2026. Nebraska Legislature LB1131, 2026-04-17
- LB1111 (2026): LB1111 proposed an annual data center load report and public-power supplier duties; portions were amended into LB1010 and LB1111 itself was indefinitely postponed on April 17, 2026. Nebraska Legislature LB1111, 2026-04-17
- LB1064 (2026): LB1064’s proposed large-load customer rules were incorporated into LB1010; LB1064 itself was indefinitely postponed on April 17, 2026. Nebraska Legislature LB1064, 2026-04-17
- LB1259 (2026): LB1259 proposed a Grid Modernization Act with a flexible-load tariff and private-generation framework; it did not pass and was indefinitely postponed on April 17, 2026. Nebraska Legislature LB1259 Actions, 2026-04-17
- LB1257 (2026): LB1257 was a broader tax bill that would have eliminated certain sales tax exemptions and was indefinitely postponed on April 17, 2026. Nebraska Legislature LB1257, 2026-04-17
5) Notable projects and operators
- Meta (Facebook) - Papillion (Sarpy County): Nebraska’s economic development announcement identified Facebook’s Papillion data center as the company’s first Nebraska data center and a major investment in Sarpy County. Nebraska Department of Economic Development, 2017-04-04
- Google - Lincoln, Omaha, and Papillion: Google’s Nebraska data center page identifies active Nebraska communities in Lincoln, Omaha, and Papillion, states that Google has invested more than $15 billion in Nebraska since Papillion was built in 2019, Omaha was built in 2022, and Lincoln was announced in 2023, and reports $4.2 billion+ of statewide economic activity in 2025. Google Data Centers, accessed 2026-06-10
- Potential Google/Tenaska/Tallgrass large-load proposal: Flatwater Free Press reported on March 13, 2026 that documents described a possible Google Nebraska data center using more than three times Lincoln’s summer peak electricity demand and powered by a privately built gas plant; Grist reported on March 24, 2026 that the documents described a 1,000-3,000 MW load range and potential carbon capture component, while noting that the proposal had not been publicly announced and its status was uncertain. Flatwater Free Press, 2026-03-13; Grist, 2026-03-24
- Southeast Nebraska land assembly and opposition: Flatwater reported that, as of March 11, 2026, Tenaska had optioned over 2,600 acres across southeast Nebraska, including at least 1,000 acres in Gage County, at least 450 acres in Lancaster County, at least 860 acres in Cass County, and nearly 300 acres in Otoe County; later May reporting connected those discussions to Otoe and Gage County moratorium debates. Flatwater Free Press, 2026-03-13; Nebraska Public Media/Flatwater Free Press, 2026-05-24
- Cass County status update: Tenaska moved from private land assembly to limited public disclosure by June 8, when its representative told the Cass County Planning Commission that the company was in the very early stages of developing a natural-gas generation project paired with a large industrial user. July reporting put its Cass County options above 1,300 acres, including a reported 1,354-acre tract along U.S. 75; neither the official minutes nor Google publicly confirmed Google as the customer. Cass County Planning Commission, 2026-06-08; KETV, 2026-07-13
- Fortitude Mining - Grand Island: A 12 MW cryptocurrency/data-mining facility at 380 Museum Drive was nearing completion in late June and expected to open in July or August. The City Council approved a fully interruptible electric-service agreement on June 23; the project is not expected to use city water or wastewater, and no capital-investment or permanent-employment figure was publicly disclosed. Central Nebraska Today, 2026-06-26
- Monolith/Crusoe proposal - Hallam: Monolith filed a zoning-text amendment and site-approval request for a Crusoe “AI factory” data center on roughly 10 acres at its Hallam carbon-black campus. The village planning commission heard the proposal on July 15, with local approval sought for September 7; the applicants had not disclosed investment value or MW demand by July 17. Nebraska Public Media, 2026-07-16
Notes / gaps
- Nebraska’s incentive landscape shifted materially in 2026: the standalone data center sales/use exemption has been repealed as of July 1, and the standalone personal property exemption will be removed January 1, 2027, while broader Nebraska Advantage agreements and ImagiNE eligibility remain relevant. LB901 Slip Law, 2026-04-07; Nebraska Department of Revenue, accessed 2026-07-17; Good Jobs First, 2026-06-05
- Tenaska publicly acknowledged an early-stage Cass County gas-generation/large-industrial-load concept by June 8, but public records still did not identify a final approved site, named customer, binding utility contract, Power Review Board approval, or construction start for the reported 1,000-3,000 MW Google/Tenaska concept by July 17. The county-moratorium wave materially increased local siting uncertainty. Cass County Planning Commission, 2026-06-08; Grist, 2026-03-24; Nebraska Public Media, 2026-07-16